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Japanese Grammar Curriculum

The full JLPT N5 to N1 teaching order, as 151 chapters of points meant to be learned together - not just an alphabetical or level-sorted list.

  1. Chapter 1 N5 Topic, identity and の The は topic marker, the copula pattern, and の joining nouns - the frame every other sentence hangs off. 3 points
  2. Chapter 2 N5 The copula: だ and です Saying 'X is Y' and its past, negative and て-forms - the copula that both nouns and な-adjectives take. 9 points
  3. Chapter 3 N5 Polite verb forms: ます The polite non-past, past, negative and past-negative of verbs - the register everyday speech defaults to. 4 points
  4. Chapter 4 N5 Existence and place あります/います, plus the に and で particles that say where something is or happens. 4 points
  5. Chapter 5 N5 Objects and going places を marks what the verb acts on; に with 行く/来る/帰る/戻る marks where you are headed. 5 points
  6. Chapter 6 N5 Asking questions The core question words: who, what, where, when, which, how many. 9 points
  7. Chapter 7 N5 Asking how and why How you do something, why, and how something is said. 6 points
  8. Chapter 8 N5 Someone, anyone, everyone Question word + か for 'some-', + でも for 'any-'. One rule, applied across every question word you just learned. 9 points
  9. Chapter 9 N5 Nobody, nothing, nowhere Question word + も with a negative verb. The upstream data lists this pattern ten times over (polite and plain, three particles); it is one rule, not ten. 3 points
  10. Chapter 10 N5 Adjectives い- and な-adjectives: negative, adverbial, and the て/で forms that let them join. 5 points
  11. Chapter 11 N5 い-Adjective tense and negatives い-adjectives inflect themselves: the plain negative くない, the past かった, and the past-negative くなかった. 4 points
  12. Chapter 12 N5 Making and becoming する for a change you cause, なる for one that happens. 5 points
  13. Chapter 13 N5 The て-form The most load-bearing verb form in the language: joining clauses, ongoing action, requests. 74 later points presuppose it. 4 points
  14. Chapter 14 N5 Plain verb forms: past and negative The casual past た (same euphony as the て-form just learned), the plain negative ない, and the plain past-negative なかった. 4 points
  15. Chapter 15 N5 Before, after, when Ordering events in time, and the とき clause. 6 points
  16. Chapter 16 N5 Times and approximations から〜まで ranges, and ごろ/くらい/ぐらい for 'about'. 3 points
  17. Chapter 17 N5 Wanting and being able たい, ほしい, できる, and the こと/の nominalisers that let a whole verb phrase act as a noun. 6 points
  18. Chapter 18 N5 Comparing より, のほうが, いちばん, and asking which of two. 5 points
  19. Chapter 19 N5 Listing and limiting と, や〜など, か〜か, も, だけ, and たり〜たり. 8 points
  20. Chapter 20 N5 Giving a reason から and だから for cause. What separates them is register, not meaning. 5 points
  21. Chapter 21 N5 But: one meaning, many registers が, けど, けれど, でも, しかし, けれども all mean 'but'. The lesson is the register ladder, not six separate patterns - which is why the formal siblings from higher levels are taught here too. 9 points
  22. Chapter 22 N5 Joining sentences そして, それから and the 'well then' connectives. 8 points
  23. Chapter 23 N5 Suggesting and inviting ましょう, ませんか and the polite ways to offer. 4 points
  24. Chapter 24 N5 Giving and receiving あげる, もらう, くれる - who gives what to whom, and why Japanese cares. 4 points
  25. Chapter 25 N5 How often, how much Frequency and degree adverbs, including the あまり/ぜんぜん negatives. 10 points
  26. Chapter 26 N5 Already, still, soon もう, まだ, もうすぐ, すぐに, さっき. 6 points
  27. Chapter 27 N5 Polite pointers こちら/そちら and a few set expressions. 3 points
  28. Chapter 28 N4 Plain form and experience た ことがある and its siblings - what the plain past unlocks. 2 points
  29. Chapter 29 N4 Potential, passive, causative られる, させる, させられる - the three derived voices. 4 points
  30. Chapter 30 N4 Volitional, imperative and prohibitive The plain 'let's / I'll' volitional, the blunt imperative command, and the prohibitive な. 3 points
  31. Chapter 31 N4 The ば conditional The provisional 'if / whenever' conditional, for verbs and い-adjectives. 2 points
  32. Chapter 32 N4 て-form auxiliaries ている, てある, ておく, てしまう, てみる, ていく, てくる - the て-form's second life as an auxiliary slot. 6 points
  33. Chapter 33 N4 Giving and receiving, revisited The giving verbs again, now with their humble and honorific forms. 6 points
  34. Chapter 34 N4 Doing things for people てあげる, てくれる, てもらう - the benefactive の direction of an action. 6 points
  35. Chapter 35 N4 Asking politely The request ladder, from てくれませんか up to ていただけませんか. Pure register - the meaning never changes. 6 points
  36. Chapter 36 N4 Must and may Obligation five ways - and the five differ only by register. Plus permission and prohibition. 10 points
  37. Chapter 37 N4 Advice たほうがいい, ないほうがいい, たらいい, ばいい, といい, なさい. 7 points
  38. Chapter 38 N4 Intention and purpose つもり, ようと思う, ために, ように, and the ようにする/ようになる pair. 10 points
  39. Chapter 39 N4 Guessing and hearsay かもしれない, だろう, でしょう, ようだ, みたいだ, そうだ - how certain you are, and where you heard it. 9 points
  40. Chapter 40 N4 Quoting and embedding と思う, という, っていう, かどうか - putting a whole clause inside a sentence. 6 points
  41. Chapter 41 N4 Explaining のです/んです, ので, のに, and し for stacked reasons. 4 points
  42. Chapter 42 N4 While, during, by then ときに, 間に, までに, 中, ところ, ながら. 10 points
  43. Chapter 43 N4 Verb compounds 出す, 終わる, 続ける, にくい, やすい, すぎる, 方. 7 points
  44. Chapter 44 N4 Degrees and limits ほど, より, しか〜ない, ばかり, まで, ずつ. 5 points
  45. Chapter 45 N4 Changing and deciding くする/なる, にする/なる, ことにする/ことになる - deliberate change against change that happens to you. 8 points
  46. Chapter 46 N4 Even if, as it is ても/でも, まま, and the remaining connectives. 12 points
  47. Chapter 47 N3 Assuming (Under That Premise) The whole assuming ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 2 points
  48. Chapter 48 N3 Based On (In Accordance With) The whole based on ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 5 points
  49. Chapter 49 N2 Before (Prior To) The whole before ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 2 points
  50. Chapter 50 N3 Capacity (As / In The Role Of) The whole capacity ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 2 points
  51. Chapter 51 N3 Contrast (Toward / In Contrast To) The whole contrast ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 2 points
  52. Chapter 52 N2 Extremity (Extremely / Utterly) The whole extremity ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 3 points
  53. Chapter 53 N2 Formal Location (At / In, Official Register) The whole formal location ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 3 points
  54. Chapter 54 N3 No Need To The whole no need to ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 4 points
  55. Chapter 55 N2 Occasion (While Doing / On The Occasion Of) The whole occasion ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 6 points
  56. Chapter 56 N3 Restatement (That Is To Say) The whole restatement ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 2 points
  57. Chapter 57 N2 Starting With (Including) The whole starting with ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 4 points
  58. Chapter 58 N2 Through (Via / Over A Range) The whole through ladder in one place, easiest register first. These differ only by formality, so they are taught together rather than one level at a time: once you know the first, each of the rest is a one-line register fact. 4 points
  59. Chapter 59 N3 N3: Causality (Because / Since / Due to) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  60. Chapter 60 N3 N3: Concession (Even Though / Although / Despite) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  61. Chapter 61 N3 N3: Conditional (If / Assuming That) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  62. Chapter 62 N3 N3: Even If (Hypothetical Concession) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  63. Chapter 63 N3 N3: Exclusivity (Only / Nothing But) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  64. Chapter 64 N3 N3: Inference (It Seems / Probably) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  65. Chapter 65 N3 Instead Of (In Place Of) 2 ways to express this at N3. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  66. Chapter 66 N3 Negation Intensity (Not At All) 2 ways to express this at N3. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  67. Chapter 67 N3 N3: Should (Advice / Expectation) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  68. Chapter 68 N3 N3: Topic Shift (By The Way) The N3 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  69. Chapter 69 N3 Windows of time and the moment something happens While a condition still holds, the instant one thing turns into another, and how to say something is partway done or freshly finished. 9 points
  70. Chapter 70 N3 Trying, finishing, and leaving things as they are Attempting something and failing, carrying an action through to the end, and the forms for an action left running or left undone. 7 points
  71. Chapter 71 N3 Without doing, and degrees of denial Doing one thing without another, and the adverbs and set phrases that scale a negative from 'rarely' to 'not at all' to 'not necessarily'. 6 points
  72. Chapter 72 N3 Rules, habits and resolutions Personal rules you set yourself, arrangements decided for you, and the ように forms for an effort made or an ability gained. 7 points
  73. Chapter 73 N3 Drawing a conclusion, and restating it The わけ family for what follows logically from what you just heard, plus the という forms for defining, restating and introducing a topic. 6 points
  74. Chapter 74 N3 Emphasis and degree Singling something out as precisely the one that matters, and the patterns that measure how far a quality or a situation goes. 8 points
  75. Chapter 75 N3 Cause and result Naming what caused an outcome and what followed from it, including せいで for a cause you are blaming. 5 points
  76. Chapter 76 N3 Supposing, hoping, regretting Setting up a hypothetical, wishing it had gone differently, and the forms for a hope expressed about someone else. 6 points
  77. Chapter 77 N3 About, according to, compared with The に-marked phrases that fix what a statement is about, whose standpoint it is from, and what it is measured against. 8 points
  78. Chapter 78 N3 How things look, and how they stay Pretending, resembling, and the られた form for a state that resulted from an action rather than the action itself. 3 points
  79. Chapter 79 N3 Everyday spoken shortcuts The contractions, softeners and set phrases that mark conversational N3: checking a half-remembered fact, relaying a request, offering a gentle try. 9 points
  80. Chapter 80 N2 N2: As Long As (To That Extent) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  81. Chapter 81 N2 N2: As Soon As (The Moment That) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  82. Chapter 82 N2 N2: Can't Help But (Overwhelming Feeling) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  83. Chapter 83 N2 N2: Causality (Because / Since / Due to) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  84. Chapter 84 N2 N2: Concession (Even Though / Although / Despite) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  85. Chapter 85 N2 N2: Conditional (If / Assuming That) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  86. Chapter 86 N2 Contradiction (But / However) 4 ways to express this at N2. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 4 points
  87. Chapter 87 N2 Depending On (Varies With) 3 ways to express this at N2. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 3 points
  88. Chapter 88 N2 N2: Emphasis (Even) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  89. Chapter 89 N2 N2: Exclusivity (Only / Nothing But) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  90. Chapter 90 N2 N2: Inevitable (Cannot Help But) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  91. Chapter 91 N2 N2: Not Only But Also (Emphatic Addition) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  92. Chapter 92 N2 N2: Perspective (From The Standpoint Of) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  93. Chapter 93 N2 N2: Proportional Change (As X, So Y) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  94. Chapter 94 N2 N2: Regarding (Concerning) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  95. Chapter 95 N2 N2: Regardless (Whether A Or B) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  96. Chapter 96 N2 N2: Regardless Of (No Matter) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  97. Chapter 97 N2 Risk Of (Might Lead To) 2 ways to express this at N2. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  98. Chapter 98 N2 N2: Sequence (After / As A Result) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 5 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 5 points
  99. Chapter 99 N2 Therefore (Formal Cause-Result) 2 ways to express this at N2. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  100. Chapter 100 N2 N2: Topic Shift (By The Way) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  101. Chapter 101 N2 N2: Unlikely / Impossible The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  102. Chapter 102 N2 N2: Wish (If Only) The N2 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  103. Chapter 103 N2 In other words, which means The connectives that restate a statement more precisely, or draw out what it implies. 7 points
  104. Chapter 104 N2 Based on, centred on, in line with The を- and に-marked phrases that name what something was built from, organised around, or made to follow. 8 points
  105. Chapter 105 N2 Worth the effort, or in vain Whether the effort paid off: がい for something worth doing, かいがあって for effort rewarded, かいもなく for effort wasted. 5 points
  106. Chapter 106 N2 Halfway, gradually, prone to An action caught in progress, a change still underway, and the suffixes for what something tends towards or is covered in. 9 points
  107. Chapter 107 N2 Can't, won't, and polite refusal かねる for a refusal phrased as inability, and the patterns for what cannot be endured or cannot be afforded. 6 points
  108. Chapter 108 N2 Torn between two options Weighing one course against another, and the forms for a wish that something could be made possible. 6 points
  109. Chapter 109 N2 Precisely because, and just because からこそ for a reason you are insisting on, からといって for one you are rejecting, and the からsurrounding judgements in between. 7 points
  110. Chapter 110 N2 As you would expect of it だけあって for something living up to its reputation, にかけては for where someone excels, and the patterns for a saving grace. 6 points
  111. Chapter 111 N2 Far from it, let alone that どころか and its neighbours: correcting an assumption by overshooting it, and setting one thing aside to get to another. 7 points
  112. Chapter 112 N2 Along with, in step with Two things moving together, one following the other, and the markers for what preceded or triggered an event. 5 points
  113. Chapter 113 N2 Reacting, feeling, finding it unbearable ことに for the feeling a fact provokes, ものがある for an impression you cannot name, and the forms for excess and indifference. 7 points
  114. Chapter 114 N2 Not without, not unless The double-negative conditions: what cannot happen until something else does, and what has to be got out of the way first. 3 points
  115. Chapter 115 N1 N1: As Soon As (The Moment That) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  116. Chapter 116 N1 N1: Can't Help But (Overwhelming Feeling) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  117. Chapter 117 N1 N1: Causality (Because / Since / Due to) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  118. Chapter 118 N1 N1: Concession (Even Though / Although / Despite) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  119. Chapter 119 N1 N1: Conditional (If / Assuming That) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  120. Chapter 120 N1 N1: Emphasis (Even) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  121. Chapter 121 N1 N1: Even If (Hypothetical Concession) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  122. Chapter 122 N1 N1: Inevitable (Cannot Help But) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 4 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 4 points
  123. Chapter 123 N1 N1: Inference (It Seems / Probably) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  124. Chapter 124 N1 N1: Not Only But Also (Emphatic Addition) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 3 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 3 points
  125. Chapter 125 N1 N1: Not Only Limited To (Far From) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  126. Chapter 126 N1 Purpose (In Order To / So That) 2 ways to express this at N1. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  127. Chapter 127 N1 N1: Regardless (Whether A Or B) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 10 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 10 points
  128. Chapter 128 N1 N1: Regardless Of (No Matter) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 6 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 6 points
  129. Chapter 129 N1 Totality (Entirely / Nothing Beats) 2 ways to express this at N1. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  130. Chapter 130 N1 N1: Whether Or Not (To Do X) The N1 members of this family. The rest of it is taught at other levels - these 2 are the ones worth telling apart from each other now, and the family page carries the full set. 2 points
  131. Chapter 131 N1 Widely Believed (Is Considered) 2 ways to express this at N1. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  132. Chapter 132 N1 Without X (Cannot Do Without) 2 ways to express this at N1. What separates them is in each point's usage note - read that before drilling them, or they blur together. 2 points
  133. Chapter 133 N1 Whether one or the other The paired literary patterns for listing alternatives, and for admitting you cannot tell which of them applies. 5 points
  134. Chapter 134 N1 Two things at once, two things alike Doing one thing alongside another, roles held together, and the matched pairs that say two facts are of a piece. 9 points
  135. Chapter 135 N1 Only this, and nothing else ならでは for what only one thing can offer, をおいて他に for the one remaining candidate, and the patterns that dismiss the alternatives. 6 points
  136. Chapter 136 N1 Scale, quantity and extent からある for a figure you are stressing as large, というところだ for one you are playing down, and the suffixes for entirety. 9 points
  137. Chapter 137 N1 From whose standpoint, on what grounds The literary からの/から言わせれば forms for whose view a statement is, and the phrases that name the basis it rests on. 9 points
  138. Chapter 138 N1 Granted that, but こそ paired with a contrast: conceding one point emphatically in order to deny another. 6 points
  139. Chapter 139 N1 As if, seeming like, putting it on The ごとく simile forms, the ぶる family for affecting a manner, and the suffixes for something that merely looks the part. 12 points
  140. Chapter 140 N1 It's not as if, it won't do あるまいし for dismissing a premise, ではすまない for what cannot be left at that, and the forms for a duty that will not go away. 5 points
  141. Chapter 141 N1 Befitting the position, or not たる for the standing something holds, ともあろう and にあるまじき for conduct that falls short of it. 7 points
  142. Chapter 142 N1 Turning points and starting points The moment a situation changed: を境に for the pivot, を皮切りに for the first of a series, を経て for the process passed through. 5 points
  143. Chapter 143 N1 Forced into it, and the state it left を余儀なくされる for a course forced on you, 始末だ for where it ended up, and the literary suffixes and exclamations for an extreme. 8 points
  144. Chapter 144 N1 Unfazed by it, aside from it をものともせずに for pressing on regardless, をよそに for ignoring it, はさておき for setting it aside. 7 points
  145. Chapter 145 N1 No end to it The きりがない patterns for something that cannot be exhausted, and ては/そばから for a cycle that keeps restarting. 7 points
  146. Chapter 146 N1 Without doing, without meaning to The literary 'without' forms, ずじまい for a chance missed, and ともなく for something done without intending it. 12 points
  147. Chapter 147 N1 Not impossible, not unheard of The hedged double negatives that concede a possibility without endorsing it, the literary potential form, and べからず for a flat prohibition. 11 points
  148. Chapter 148 N1 Worth it, or unbearable に堪える and に堪えない for what does or does not repay the attention, 足る and 足りない for what measures up. 10 points
  149. Chapter 149 N1 When it comes to that The となると/となれば family for a situation reaching a threshold, and the conditionals that follow from it. 8 points
  150. Chapter 150 N1 Depending on how it turns out The のいかん set: one noun, three grammatical slots, all saying the outcome hangs on this. 3 points
  151. Chapter 151 N1 Naming a thing, and seeing it through The という forms that name or generalise, ぬく for carrying something through to the end, and the phrases for what you did it in spite of. 7 points