～ずに
〜zu ni
Formation
Verb-ない form (Remove ない) + ずに
Express 'without doing' something or 'not doing' something.
Explanation
The ～ずに grammar point is used to express the meaning of not doing something or doing an action without doing another action first. It is similar to the negative ないで form (～ないで) but ～ずに is considered slightly more formal.
Example sentences
-
He was listening to the story without laughing.
Kare wa warawazu ni hanashi wo kiiteimashita.
-
It's not good to go to bed without eating.
Tabezu ni neru no wa yokunai desu.
-
I started working without drinking coffee.
Koohii wo nomazu ni shigoto wo hajimemashita.
-
I went out without telling anyone.
Dare ni mo iwazu ni dekakemashita.
Conjugation: ず (without doing)
| Dictionary form | ず (without doing) |
|---|---|
| 思う おもう | 思わず おもわず |
| 見る みる | 見ず みず |
| 来る くる | 来ず こず |
| 行く いく | 行かず いかず |
| 出る でる | 出ず でず |
| する する | せず せず |
| 知る しる | 知らず しらず |
| 考える かんがえる | 考えず かんがえず |
| 待つ まつ | 待たず またず |
| 見える みえる | 見えず みえず |
| 出す だす | 出さず ださず |
| 感じる かんじる | 感じず かんじず |