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JLPT N1 Very formal / literary

〜to ii〜to ii

Used to express 'both A and B'; 'whether it's A or B'; 'not to mention A and also B'.

Formal, literary - one of several near-interchangeable "whether A or B" constructions; stylistic choice more than a formality ladder.

Formation

Explanation

This grammar structure is used to provide two examples or two situations to demonstrate a certain characteristic or situation. It's a way of mentioning two items of the same theme to generalize or emphasize something applicable to them both. In English, it can be understood as 'both A and B', 'whether it's A or B', or 'not to mention A and also B'.

Example sentences

  • Both Japanese food and tourist spots are all wonderful.

    Nihon no tabemono to ii kankouchi to ii, subete ga subarashii desu.

  • Whether it's his kindness or stamina, he is an ideal partner.

    Kare no yasashisa to ii, tairyoku to ii, kare wa risouteki na paatonaa da.

  • Not to mention the movie theaters and parks in this town, they are enjoyable for all ages.

    Kono machi no eigakan to ii, kouen to ii, rounyakunan'nyo ga tanoshimeru.

  • Both his singing ability and his dance skills are perfect.

    Kare no kashou ryoku to ii, dansu no sukiru to ii, kanpeki da.

Regardless (Whether A Or B)