Verbる こと なし に
Verb-ru koto nashi ni
JLPT N1 Very formal, literary
Formation
Verb-dictionary form + ことなしに
Used to express 'without doing something'.
When to use
ことなしに: without doing, and it cannot happen otherwise (formal).
Explanation
Verbることなしに indicates doing something else 'without' performing the stated action. It can imply skipping or omitting the verb action entirely.
Example sentences
-
I passed the exam without studying.
Shiken o benkyou suru koto nashi ni, goukaku shimashita.
-
I bought the clothes without trying them on.
Shichaku suru koto nashi ni, fuku o kaimashita.
-
He is living without working.
Kare wa hataraku koto nashi ni seikatsu shite imasu.
-
I retired without going through any procedures.
Tetsuzuki o suru koto nashi ni, taishoku shimashita.
Without X (Cannot Do Without)
- Noun なくして~はないNoun nakushite ~ wa naiN1Expresses 'without ~, there can't be ~'; 'can't do ~…
- Noun なしでは~ないNoun nashi de wa ~naiN1Expresses the necessity of something; 'cannot do without'…
- ~ないで〜naideN3Express 'without doing ~' or 'without ~ing'.
- Verb ことなく~kotonakuN2Means 'without doing', 'not doing', or 'without happening'.
- Verb ないことには Verb ない~nai koto ni wa ~ naiN2Express that something cannot be done without meeting a…
- ~てからでないと〜te kara denai toN2Indicates that something cannot be done before a certain…
- Noun + あっての + NounA atte no BN1Expresses 'B cannot exist without A'; 'B only exists…
- Verb ずとも〜zu tomoN1Means 'Even without doing (X), (Y) can still happen'.
- Verb もしないで~ mo shinai deN1Means 'without even doing'.