Verb ことなく

~kotonaku

JLPT N2 Formal Chapter 108: Not without, not unless, 1 of 4

Formation

Verb-stem + ことなく

Means 'without doing', 'not doing', or 'without happening'.

When to use

ことなく: without ever doing; written register (休むことなく働いた).

Explanation

The grammar point ことなく is added to the stem of a verb to express that something doesn't happen or isn't done. It can be translated as 'without doing', 'not doing', or 'without happening'. The formation depends on whether it is used with a verb.

Example sentences

Without X (Cannot Do Without)

Corpus examples (30)

Showing 25 of 30 corpus examples.