～以来

When to use

Formal, written "ever since" - marks a lasting change since a point in time.

Explanation

The ～以来 grammar point is used to express a period of time that has continued uninterrupted since a certain point in the past. It can be translated as 'since', 'ever since', or 'after'. The formation differs depending on whether it is used with a verb, an adjective, or a noun.

• 卒業そつぎょう以来いらい、彼女かのじょに会あっていない。

  I haven't seen her since we graduated.

  Sotsugyou irai, kanojo ni atte inai.

• 子供こどもが生うまれて以来いらい、忙いそがしくなった。

  I've been busy ever since my child was born.

  Kodomo ga umarete irai, isogashiku natta.

• 東京とうきょうに引ひっ越こして以来いらい、友達ともだちが増ふえた。

  I've made more friends since I moved to Tokyo.

  Toukyou ni hikkoshite irai, tomodachi ga fueta.

• あの映画えいがを見みた以来いらい、彼女かのじょは怖こわがりになった。

  She's been easily frightened ever since she watched that movie.

  Ano eiga wo mita irai, kanojo wa kowagari ni natta.

Sequence (After / As A Result)

• ～たきり〜takiriN2Express 'since then' or 'after'; used to indicate that an…
• ～上で〜ue deN2Used to express that something is done after or on the…
• ～あげく~agekuN2Expresses the outcome of a series of actions or events…
• ～末～sueN2Express the outcome after a period of time or series of…
• Verb てから～〜te karaN5Express a sequence of actions or events; 'after', 'since'…
• ～きり〜kiriN3Expresses the idea of 'only', 'since', or 'after'.
• Noun の あとでNoun no atodeN5Expresses the order of events; 'after', 'later than'.
• Verb た あとでta ato deN5Indicates an action that takes place after another action.
• ～てはじめて〜te hajimeteN3Realization or action done for the first time; 'only…
• Noun にして初めてNoun nishite hajimeteN1Expresses 'only when/after... for the first time'.
• Verb てからというものVerb te kara to iu monoN1Expresses that ever since a certain event happened, a…
• Verbる 始末だ〜ru shimatsu daN1Indicates a (often unfortunate) result or conclusion of an…

Compare when to use each