~つまり
〜tsumari
JLPT N3 Neutral
Formation
Sentence A + つまり + Sentence B (rephrasing)
Summarizing, restating, or clarifying a point: 'in other words', 'that is to say'.
When to use
The standard "in other words" - summarizes or restates a point.
Explanation
The ~つまり grammar point is used to restate or clarify in a concise way what has been said. It can be translated as 'in other words', 'that is to say', or 'in short'.
Example sentences
-
He is a university professor. In other words, he is an expert.
Kare wa daigaku no kyouju desu. Tsumari, senmonka desu.
-
Today is Saturday. That is to say, tomorrow is Sunday.
Kyou wa doyoubi da. Tsumari, ashita wa nichiyoubi da.
山田さんは友達のお姉さんです。つまり、私たちの知り合いです。
Ms. Yamada is my friend's older sister. In short, she's someone we know.
Yamada-san wa tomodachi no oneesan desu. Tsumari, watashitachi no shiriai desu.
-
She is from France. In other words, she can speak French.
Kanojo wa Furansu shusshin desu. Tsumari, Furansugo ga hanasemasu.
Restatement (That Is To Say)
Corpus examples (38)
-
Money and I are strangers; in other words, I am poor.
時間に縛られた社会では、時は線のように、つまり過去から現在を通って未来に向かって延びる1本の直線と見られている。
In a time-bound society time is seen as linear- in other words as a straight line extending from the past, through the present, to the future.
ひどいけがをして、意識がなくなっています。つまり考えることも、しゃべることも、聞くこともできないのです。
He is hurt badly and is unconscious; that is, he can't think, speak, or hear.
選択をするということは、常に犠牲を、つまり、ある物をあきらめて別のものを取ることを意味する。
Making a choice always means making a sacrifice, giving up one thing for another.
私はこの用語をエメットの言う意味、つまり言語使用の心理学的な規則という意味で使っている。
I am using this term in Emmet's sense to refer to the psychological rules of language use.
-
The difference is this: he works harder than you.
彼は12歳の時、つまり中学校に入学した時、英語を習いはじめた。
He began to learn English when he was twelve years old, that is to say, when he entered junior high school.
セントヘレンズ山が爆発したのは、ほとんど10年前、つまり1980年の5月8日のことであった。
It was almost a decade ago, on May 8th, 1980, that Mount St. Helens erupted.
私の誕生日は今日から数えて1ヵ月先です。つまり、4月5日です。
My birthday is a month from today. That is to say, April 5th.
シェークスピアの時代に、つまり16世紀に、テニスはイギリスの宮廷でとても人気があった。
In Shakespeare's time, in the sixteenth century, tennis was very popular at the English court.
-
He will be back a week from today, that is, on December 10.
-
He left for Europe a week ago, that is, on the tenth of May.
-
It will be done a week from today, that is, on May 3.
-
It will be done a week from today, that is, on May 3.
-
A group of foreigners arrived in Edo, i.e. Tokyo.
長い間、雨が全然降っていません。つまり、4月の初めから降っていないのです。
We've had no rain for ages; in fact, not since the beginning of April.
-
I saw her at the station five days ago, that is, last Friday.
どんなことでも許されたのです。つまり、相手を蹴っても、つまずかせても、殴っても、あるいはかんでも良かったのです。
Everything was allowed: You could kick, trip, hit, or bite your opponent.
カリフォルニアには有名な大木、つまり、いわゆる森の王者がある。
In California are the famous big trees, or "forest kings" as they are called.
私たちは誰かに何かを伝えるために、つまり情報を伝達するために言葉を使う。
We use words to tell somebody something, that is, to communicate.
-
She met him the day before, that is to say May fifth.
-
My father studies astronomy, or the science of stars.
光源、つまり光の向きだな、それと陰影とかにも気をつけて、できるだけ正確に手元にあるクロッキー帳に書き取っていくだけ。
Light source, that is what direction the light is facing, also take care with shadowing. Just copy down into the sketch book you have at hand as accurately as possible.
-
She invited two of her classmates, Jane and Mary.
-
Money and I are strangers; in other words, I am poor.