~ないといけない
〜nai to ikenai
JLPT N4 Neutral
Formation
Verb-negative + といけない
Express a necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'.
When to use
Conversational but not as casual as なきゃ/なくちゃ; common in everyday polite speech.
Explanation
The ~ないといけない grammar point is used to express a sense of necessity or obligation, similar to 'must', 'have to', or 'need to' in English. This structure is formed by using the negative form of the verb (ending in ない) followed by といけない.
Example sentences
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I have an exam tomorrow, so I have to study tonight.
Ashita shiken ga aru kara, kon'ya benkyou shinai to ikenai.
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We must leave at 9 o'clock.
Ku-ji ni shuppatsu shinai to ikenai.
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To avoid catching a cold, we have to wash our hands well.
Kaze o hikanai you ni, te o yoku arawanai to ikenai.
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This work must be finished by tomorrow.
Kono shigoto wa ashita made ni owaranai to ikenai.
Obligation (Must / Have to)
- ~なきゃいけない〜nakya ikenaiN4Express a necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'.
- ~なくてはいけない〜nakute wa ikenaiN4Expresses the necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'.
- ~なければ ならない〜nakereba naranaiN4Express obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need…
- ~ねばならない〜neba naranaiN2Expresses obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to'…
- ~ないと〜nai toN3Express a condition; 'if... not', 'unless', 'must'.
Corpus examples (60)
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Come here. I need to tell you something.
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You don't want to get lost, so take your mother's hand.
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I have to help my mother.
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You've got to carry a gun in this area.
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I need to study Spanish.
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I wonder if there is any reason to translate this into French.
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I'm sorry, but I have to go to the gym.
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I'm sorry, but I have to go home.
昨日のミーティングでは、重要な決定がいくつか下されたので、早急に実行に移さないといけない。
Several important decisions were made in yesterday's meeting, so we have to put them into practice promptly.
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It is necessary for you to see a doctor at once.
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You need to work very hard.
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You'll have to work hard if you want to pass the exam.
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I went out with my overcoat on for fear of catching cold.
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I have a lot of things I have to do before tomorrow.
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When you have a cold, you should drink plenty of liquids.
彼は寝てしまうといけないから、コーヒーをブラックで何杯も飲んだ。
He drank plenty of black coffee so as not to fall asleep.
また働かないといけない。
I can't not work again.
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Tom has to take medicine every three hours.
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I have to drink this medicine.
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You had better take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
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Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
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I took my umbrella for fear of rain.
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Don't forget to take an umbrella in case it rains.
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Don't forget to bring your umbrella in case it rains.
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Since it would be bad if it rained, please shut the window when you come out of the room.