~ねばならない
〜neba naranai
JLPT N2 Very formal, literary
Formation
Verb-ない form -> (remove い) -> ね + ばならない
Expresses obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'.
When to use
Literary/legal-sounding contraction of なければならない; textbook and formal writing register, rare in speech.
Explanation
The ~ねばならない grammar point is used to express obligation or necessity. It can be translated as 'must', 'have to', or 'need to' in English. This grammar point is mainly used with verbs, indicating that the action must be done.
Example sentences
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To pass the exam, I must study more.
Shiken ni goukaku suru tame ni, motto benkyou se neba naranai.
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To catch the flight, I must hurry.
Hikouki ni maniau tame ni wa, isoga neba naranai.
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I have to go home by 6 o'clock.
Roku ji made ni kaera neba naranai.
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I need to finish this work by the end of the day.
Kono shigoto wo kyoujuu ni owarase neba naranai.
Obligation (Must / Have to)
- ~なきゃいけない〜nakya ikenaiN4Express a necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'.
- ~ないといけない〜nai to ikenaiN4Express a necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'.
- ~なくてはいけない〜nakute wa ikenaiN4Expresses the necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'.
- ~なければ ならない〜nakereba naranaiN4Express obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need…
- ~ないと〜nai toN3Express a condition; 'if... not', 'unless', 'must'.
Corpus examples (60)
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I must take back the money at all costs.
5年目の初めにトニーはもっとお金をもらわねばならないと言った。
At the beginning of the fifth year, Tony said he was going to have to charge more.
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It will take a long time to live down your disgrace.
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The work must be finished before noon.
他の会社と同じように、我が社も未来に目を向けて将来計画をつくらねばならない。
Like any company, we've got to look ahead and plan for the future.
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She has to pay for the book.
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You should do away with such evil customs.
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He is a VIP and we must treat him as such.
スタートを切ってしまった以上、私達はこの仕事を最後までやり通さねばならない。
Now that we've got off the mark, we must get through this work.
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The doctor must be sent for at once.
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You are to see a doctor at once.
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You must finish this work in a week.
彼女は一生懸命勉強して、クラスのみんなに追いつかねばならない。
She has to study hard and catch up with everybody in her class.
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If you are to succeed, you must work harder.
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I must study hard in order to keep up with him.
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You must work very hard on duty.
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We must be a step ahead of the times in our outlook.
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You should cross out any word you don't need.
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Drivers must observe the traffic rules.
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We must hurry if we want to arrive at the station on time.
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You must record his speech.
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We must rescue the environment from pollution.
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I have to pay high rates to the boarding.
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We must have something to live for.
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We must devise some means of escape.