~なくてはいけない
〜nakute wa ikenai
JLPT N4 Neutral
Formation
Verb-negative form + なくてはいけない
Expresses the necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'.
When to use
Slightly less stiff than なければならない, still fine in most polite contexts.
Explanation
The ~なくてはいけない grammar point is used to express the necessity or obligation to do something. It can be translated as 'must' or 'have to' in English. The formation requires the negative form of a verb and is followed by いけない (cannot go/progress). It indicates that if something is not done, it will be a problem or inappropriate.
Example sentences
宿題をしなくてはいけない。
I have to do my homework.
Shukudai o shinakute wa ikenai.
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I must send this letter by tomorrow.
Kono tegami o ashita made ni dasanakute wa ikenai.
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We must not waste food.
Tabemono o muda ni shinakute wa ikenai.
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I want to leave early, but I have to wait until the class finishes.
Soutai shitai ga, jugyou ga owaru made matanakute wa ikenai.
Other forms
Obligation (Must / Have to)
- ~なきゃいけない〜nakya ikenaiN4Express a necessity or obligation; 'must', 'have to'.
- ~ないといけない〜nai to ikenaiN4Express a necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need to'.
- ~なければ ならない〜nakereba naranaiN4Express obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to', 'need…
- ~ねばならない〜neba naranaiN2Expresses obligation or necessity; 'must', 'have to'…
- ~ないと〜nai toN3Express a condition; 'if... not', 'unless', 'must'.
Corpus examples (60)
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I may have to work part time.
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I must learn French.
定刻にそこに必ず着くようにしなくてはいけないよ。遅れても、トムは10分以上待ってはくれないからね。
You should make sure that you get there on time. Tom won't wait more than ten minutes if you are late.
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He has to work hard in order to support his family.
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I have to give myself up to study for my final exams.
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I need to make a phone call.
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I have to prepare for the English test.
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I have to commute all the way from a distant suburb.
屋根の雪おろしをしなくてはいけないな。
We have to clear the snow off the roof.
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How many times will you have to go to the dentist?
私はどうして真夜中にあなたの家に行かなくてはいけないのかわからない。
I don't see why I have to go to your house at midnight.
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We have to be ready to go through dangers there.
トムに会わなくてはいけない。
I have to see Tom.
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This is a very important meeting. You ought not to miss it.
会社に入ると、自分が望むと望まざるとにかかわらず、会社のために働かなくてはいけない。
Once you enter a company, you have to work for the company, whether you want to or not.
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The nurses must see to the comfort of their patients.
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You have to learn standard English.
もう八時なのであなたはすぐに学校に行かなくてはいけないと思う。
Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, I think you should leave for school soon.
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Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, I think you should leave for school soon.
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We must try to protect the environment.
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You must act under the leadership of your supervisor.
あなたはパーティーに行ってもよいが、真夜中までには帰宅しなくてはいけない。
You may go to the party, but you must be home by midnight.
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We have to go by the rules.
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Chestnuts have to be boiled for at least fifteen minutes.
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You must face the facts.