～により JLPT N2 Formal
〜ni yori
Indicates the reason, method, or means by which something happens; 'by', 'through', 'due to'.
Formal "by means of/due to" - method or cause, common in formal/written contexts.
Formation
Noun + により, Verb + により
Explanation
The ～により grammar point is used to indicate the reason, method, or means by which something happens or is done. It can be often translated as 'by', 'through', or 'due to' in English. It can be attached directly to nouns or verbs in plain form.
Example sentences
-
This accident occurred due to the driver's carelessness.
Kono jiko wa untenshu no fuchuui ni yori okorimashita.
-
The movie was produced based on the novel.
Sono eiga wa shousetsu ni yori seisaku saremashita.
-
The criminal was arrested by the police.
Hannin wa keisatsu ni yori taiho saremashita.
-
The company's growth was achieved through the efforts of its employees.
Kaisha no seichou wa juugyouin no doryoku ni yori jitsugen shimashita.