~以上
〜ijou
JLPT N2 Formal
Formation
Verb-casual + 以上, い-Adjective + 以上, な-Adjective + な以上, Noun + の以上
Expresses 'since' or 'as long as' in a conditional context.
When to use
"Given that/since (this is the case), as long as it stands".
Explanation
The ~以上 grammar point is used to express a condition or requirement, and it can be translated as 'since', 'as long as', or 'if'. It often emphasizes that if a certain condition is met, a certain action or consequence will follow.
Example sentences
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Since he's busy, it would be pointless to try helping him.
Kare wa isogashii ijou, tetsudai ni itte mo muda darou.
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Since I made a promise, I should keep it.
Yakusoku shita ijou, mamoru beki da.
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As long as the deadline is near, I have to work with all my might.
Shimekiri ga chikai ijou, zenryoku de shigoto wo shinakereba naranai.
-
Since she's a college student, studying should be her priority.
Kanojo wa daigakusei de aru ijou, benkyou ga yuusen sareru beki da.
As Long As (To That Extent)
Corpus examples (24)
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Jack's problem is that his wife spends more than he earns.
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I was able to borrow more money from Tom than I'd expected.
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This bad weather is more than I bargained for.
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As long as we cannot deem it safe, we shouldn't take the risk.
私はムスリムではないので断食を守る義務はないのだが、同じアパートで暮らす以上、そうした慣習に配慮することは大事なことだ。
I'm not a Muslim and so I have no obligation to observe the fast but as long as I'm living in the same apartment having consideration for such a custom is important.
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Plants and animals require more sunshine than is generally supposed.
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There is more in life than meets the eye.
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If you give at all, give quickly.
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Don't borrow more money than you can help.
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I love you better than he.
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My grandmother gave me more than I wanted.
裁判官が有罪の判決を下した以上、いさぎよく服役しなければならない。
The judge pronounced him "guilty", and now he must face the music of a sentence in prison.
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We were tied to our decision because we signed the contract.
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I love you more than you love me.
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As long as I'm going to be in London, I ought to see a play or two.
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Pets offer us more than mere companionship.
スタートを切ってしまった以上、私達はこの仕事を最後までやり通さねばならない。
Now that we've got off the mark, we must get through this work.
これだけ禁煙、禁煙といわれる以上、喫煙というのは公序良俗に反する行為なんだろうね。
There are so many anti-smoking campaigns these days; maybe smoking really is a threat to the public order.
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The trip is farther than I expected.
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Once you have begun to do something, don't give up.
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Europe is more dangerous than I thought.
六ヶ月前からエスペラントを習ってるんだけど、話す以上に理解できてるよ。
I've been learning Esperanto since six months ago, but I can understand it more than I can speak it.
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You can read a lot more than you think you can.
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The free mobile game turned out to be more fun than I expected.