~てはならない
〜te wa naranai
JLPT N2 Formal
Formation
Verb-て form + はならない
Express prohibition; 'must not', 'cannot', 'should not'.
When to use
Strong, formal prohibition; common in rules, warnings, and formal speech.
Explanation
The ~てはならない grammar point is used to express a strong prohibition. It is often more formal or strict and can be translated as 'must not', 'cannot', or 'should not.'
Example sentences
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You must not smoke here.
Koko de tabako o sutte wa naranai.
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You cannot reveal this secret to others.
Himitsu o tanin ni hanashite wa naranai.
-
You must not enter this room.
Kono heya ni haitte wa naranai.
飲酒運転をしてはならない。
You must not drink and drive.
Inshu unten o shite wa naranai.
Permission And Prohibition (May / Must Not)
- ~てはいけない〜te wa ikenaiN4Expresses prohibition; 'must not', 'cannot'.
- ~ものではない〜mono dewa naiN2Expresses a strong negative suggestion or prohibition:…
- ~べきではない〜beki dewa naiN2Express that an action should not be done; 'should not'…
- Verbる べからざる NounVerb-ru bekara zaru NounN1Used to express what should not be done; 'must not'…
- ~てもいい〜temo iiN4To give or ask permission; 'it's okay to', 'may', 'can'.
- Verbる べからず〜ru bekara zuN1Expresses the idea of 'must not do' or 'should not do'.
- ~差し支えない〜sashitsukaenaiN1Indicates no problem or obstacle; 'it’s fine if...'…
Corpus examples (60)
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We are to pay back the money within the week.
-
Children should not have more money than is needed.
その仕事は十分にお金になるが、その反面1日に12時間働かなくてはならない。
The job pays well, but on the other hand I have to work twelve hours a day.
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You should be careful of your money.
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You will have to apologize when you see him.
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You must not base your estimation of a person on rumor alone.
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However, you have to queue...
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You have to account for your failure.
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I have to brush up my French before I go to Paris to study.
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Nationalism is not to be confused with patriotism.
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You must make allowance for his inexperience.
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This is important enough for separate treatment.
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This matter must not be trifled with.
ライオンを生け捕りにしなくてはならないんだ。
We've got to catch the lion alive.
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You mustn't give in to their demands.
夏に宿題として10ページ以上のレポートを書かなくてはならない。
I have to write a 10 page paper for my summer homework.
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Under no circumstances must you leave the room.
クリスマスが終わったらまたダイエットをしなくてはならないみたい。
I think I have to go back on a diet after Christmas.
ウェブサイトのタグラインは、その企業が何を行っていて、競合他社とどこが違うのかがわかるようなものでなくてはならない。
The website's tagline has to let people know what that business does and how it differs from the competition.
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A doctor should never let a patient die.
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You must not speak so loudly here.
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I'll have to study ten hours tomorrow.
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You must keep your room tidy.
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I'll have to catch the 8:15 train to Paris.
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The freedom of the press should not be interfered with.