~さえ
~sae
JLPT N3 Neutral
Formation
Noun + さえ, Verb-casual + さえ, い-Adjective + さえ, な-Adjective + でさえ
Emphasizes a specific item or action; 'even', 'if only', 'as long as'.
When to use
The common, everyday emphasis marker "even".
Explanation
The ~さえ grammar point is used to emphasize a specific item, person, or action, implying that it alone is sufficient, remarkable, or an exception. It can be translated as 'even', 'if only', or 'as long as' in English. The formation differs slightly depending on whether it is used with a verb, い-adjective, な-adjective, or noun.
Example sentences
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If only I have money, I can travel around the world.
Okane sae areba, sekaijuu wo ryokou dekiru.
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As long as he can speak English, he can do that job.
Kare wa eigo sae hanasereba, sono shigoto ga dekiru darou.
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Not only is she smart, she is also good at sports. She can even play tennis.
Kanojo wa atama ga ii dake denaku, undou mo jouzu da. Tenisu sae dekiru.
明るい場所で本を読むのが好きだ。部屋の電気さえつけなくても大丈夫だ。
I like reading books in bright places. I'm fine even if I don't turn on the room light.
Akarui basho de hon wo yomu no ga suki da. Heya no denki sae tsukenakute mo daijoubu da.
Emphasis (Even)
- ~まで〜madeN4Indicates extent, 'until', 'up to', 'as far as', 'even'.
- ~てまで〜te madeN2Express the extent someone goes in order to achieve…
- Noun ですら~desuraN1Means 'even', 'as much as', used for emphasis in formal…
- Noun にすら〜ni suraN1Expresses the concept of 'even'; 'even in', 'even as'…
- ~まで~て〜made 〜teN2Express doing something until a certain time or condition…
- Noun たりとも~ない~tari tomo ~naiN1Used to show a strong negative: 'not even ~', 'not a…
- Noun にもまして〜ni mo mashiteN1This expresses 'Even more than; exceeding'.
Corpus examples (60)
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He left the room without even saying goodbye.
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You have only to go there.
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We'll be fine as long as we have money.
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You have only to sweep the floor.
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Tom doesn't even know how to make a cup of tea.
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Even a child can read this.
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She is ignorant of even the simplest fact about science.
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There is not even a semblance of proof.
あなたの欠点でさえも私のあなたに対する尊敬の気持ちを減じはしないし、友情においてはこれが大切なことです。
Even your faults do not lessen my respect for you, and in friendship this is what counts.
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He left without so much as saying goodbye.
メアリーはフランス語を読むことさえできない、まして話すことはできない。
Mary can't even read French, much less speak it.
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Tom doesn't even know we're here.
フランス語は読むことさえ出来ないのです。まして話すことなどとても出来ません。
I can't even read French, much less speak it.
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If only I could speak French.
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I wish I had the chance to learn Russian.
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You have only to wait for her return.
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He did not so much as greet the manager.
挨拶さえしなかった。
He didn't even say hello.
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He did not even have the grace to apologize.
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You may only borrow my camera if you are careful with it.
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Any watch will do, so long as it's cheap.
ここに来さえすればいい。
You have only to come here.
彼がここにいさえすればなあ。
I'm disappointed that he's not here.
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All you have to do is to make a comment.
手紙を書くには、手紙をわかりやすく、面白くしておきさえすればよい。
All you have to do in writing is to keep it clear and interesting.