～し、～し、～

〜shi, 〜shi, 〜

JLPT N4 Neutral Chapter 41: Explaining, 4 of 4

Formation

Verb-casual + し, い-Adjective + し, な-Adjective + だし, Noun + だし

Express multiple reasons or characteristics; 'and', 'because', 'since'.

When to use

Lists multiple reasons casually-to-neutrally; implies "and there's more I could add".

Explanation

The ～し、～し、～ grammar point is used to connect multiple reasons or characteristics that support a conclusion or statement. It can be translated as 'and', 'because', or 'since' in English. This grammar can be used with verbs, い-adjectives, な-adjectives, and nouns.

Example sentences

彼かれは若わかいし、元気げんきだし、フレンドリーだし、みんなと仲良なかよくなれると思おもいます。

He is young, energetic, friendly, and I think he can get along with everyone.

Kare wa wakai shi, genki da shi, furendorī da shi, minna to nakayoku nareru to omoimasu.
このレストランは料理りょうりが美味おいしいし、雰囲気ふんいきがいいし、価格かかくも手頃だからお勧すすめです。

I recommend this restaurant because the food is delicious, the atmosphere is nice, and the prices are reasonable.

Kono resutoran wa ryouri ga oishii shi, fun'iki ga ii shi, kakaku mo tegoro dakara osusume desu.
彼女かのじょは勉強べんきょうができるし、スポーツも得意とくいだし、性格せいかくもいい。

She is good at studying, good at sports, and has a good personality.

Kanojo wa benkyou ga dekiru shi, supōtsu mo tokui da shi, seikaku mo ii.
今日こんにちは寒さむいし、雨あめも降ふっているし、家いえでゆっくり休やすんだ方ほうがいいでしょう。

It's cold today, and it's raining, so it's better to relax at home.

Kyou wa samui shi, ame mo futte iru shi, ie de yukkuri yasunda hou ga ii deshou.

Causality (Because / Since / Due to)

Compare when to use each