～にもかかわらず
〜ni mo kakawarazu
JLPT N2 Formal
Formation
Verb (any tense/form) + にもかかわらず, い-Adjective + にもかかわらず, な-Adjective (or Noun) + であるにもかかわらず
Expresses 'despite', 'in spite of' or 'even though'.
When to use
Formal, neutral-toned "despite/in spite of"; safe in writing and polite speech, no built-in criticism.
Explanation
The ～にもかかわらず grammar point is used to express that something occurs, or a situation exists, despite or in spite of a contrasting or unfavorable condition. It can be translated as 'despite', 'in spite of', or 'even though' in English.
Example sentences
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Despite being busy, he exercises every day.
Isogashii ni mo kakawarazu, kare wa mainichi undou shiteimasu.
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Even though it was raining, she went for a walk.
Ame ga futteiru ni mo kakawarazu, kanojo wa sanpo ni ikimashita.
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In spite of the car being old, it still runs well.
Kuruma ga furui ni mo kakawarazu, mada yoku hashirimasu.
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Despite the results not being good, he continued to do his best.
Kekka ga yoku nai ni mo kakawarazu, kare wa ganbari tsuzukemashita.
Concession (Even Though / Although / Despite)
- ～ても/でも〜te mo/demoN4Expresses 'even if' or 'even though'; used to convey…
- ～といっても〜to ittemoN3Express the meaning 'even though', 'although', 'but'.
- ～ところが〜tokoro gaN3Expresses a contrast or unexpected outcome; 'however'…
- A。それなのに B。~sorenanoniN2Express contrast or a contradiction between two situations…
- ～くせに〜kuse niN3Used to express criticism or disapproval; 'even though'…
- ～わりには〜wari ni waN3Expresses contrast between expectation and reality…
- ～ながらも〜nagara moN1Means 'even though' or 'despite'.
- Noun にしてNoun ni shiteN1Expresses the idea 'even for', 'even though', or 'in spite…
- ～とはいえ～to wa ieN1Even though; although; but
- ～といえども〜to iedomoN1Even if it is said that; Even though; Although.
- ～に反して〜ni hanshiteN2Contrary to, against, in spite of
- ～のに〜no niN4Used to express contrast between expectation and reality…
- ～ことは…が～koto wa... gaN3Indicates that while something may be true or valid, there…
- ～かと思いきや〜ka to omoikiyaN1Expressing unexpected outcomes; 'just when I thought...'…
Corpus examples (37)
ドアに「関係者以外の立ち入りを禁じる」という貼り紙がしてあるにもかかわらず、トムは勝手に中に入って行った。
Despite a sign on the door that said "Authorized Personnel Only," Tom just went right in.
-
She has a good command of English though she was brought up in Japan.
彼には美しい奥さんがあるにもかかわらず、その割りには喜んでいない。
He is none the happier for his beautiful wife.
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Tom opened the window even though his mother told him not to.
ドアを開けるなと言ったにもかかわらず、トムはドアを開けてしまった。
Despite me telling Tom not to open the door, he opened it.
彼は入院していたにもかかわらず、他の学生に遅れをとることはなかった。
Though he had been in the hospital, he kept up with other students.
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She went to school in spite of the pain in her leg.
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He was very learned, but he didn't know it.
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He has recently failed, but he is still full of hope.
そのような境遇であったにもかかわらず、彼は自分一人で道を切り開いた。
Although he was in such circumstances, he made his way by himself.
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For all his wealth, he is unhappy.
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Though he is rich, he is not happy.
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For all his wealth, he is not contented.
私達は苦痛や死があるにもかかわらず喜びを見いだせるでしょう。
Can we find joy in spite of suffering and death?
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For all her fault, they loved her.
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He is liked by all even though he has his faults.
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With all his faults, he is respected by everybody.
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I admire him, in spite of his faults.
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Despite all his faults, everybody likes him.
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Though he is wealthy, he is not happy.
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She was none the happier for her great wealth.
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Though he is wealthy, he is not happy.
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Tom is rich. However, he's not happy.
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After all his efforts, he also failed this time.
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He succeeded in the face of great difficulties.